spanish civil war ap euro

By the end of 1938, Francos forces seized Catalonia; by spring 1939, Valencia and the capital of Madrid. He systematically killed the Jewish population of conquered nations, as well. AP Euro Period 4 Review (1914-Present) | Fiveable Generals Goded, Mola, and Francisco Franco By July 21 the rebels had achieved control in Spanish Morocco, the Canary Islands, and the Balearic Islands (except Minorca) and in the part of Spain north of the Guadarrama mountains and the Ebro River, except for Asturias, Santander, and the Basque provinces along the north coast and the region of Catalonia in the northeast. In March 1939 the remaining Republican forces surrendered, and Madrid, beset by civil strife between communists and anticommunists, fell to the Nationalists on March 28. Germany and Italy sent troops, tanks, and planes to aid the Nationalists. He was the commander of the Deutsches Afrika Korps and also became known by the nickname "The Desert Fox" for the skillful military campaigns he waged on behalf of the German Army in North Africa. The Triple Entente was formed because France, after forming the entente cordiale with Britain, wanted to reconcile its other ally, Russia, with Britain. The Second Balkan War was over Albania, a mainly Muslim region in the Adriatic. He was the commander of the Deutsches Afrika Korps and also became known by the nickname "The Desert Fox" for the skillful military campaigns he waged on behalf of the German Army in North Africa. brutal massacre 1500 died and 800 were wounded, but the military targets in the Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. The Cold War involved propaganda, proxy wars, covert actions. . Franco became dictator of Spain until he died in 1975. Picasso, who had allied himself with the Republican cause, read about the massacre of defenseless civilians and the theme of the mural for the Spanish Pavilion suddenly presented itself. suppressing a Filipino rebellion against increased control by a foreign government adopting a policy of containment to reduce European colonization around the world C adopting a policy of containment to reduce European colonization around the world annexing Hawaii and Puerto Rico into the United States after the Spanish-American War D "Monty", was a British Army officer. French Radical-Socialist politician, and Prime Minister of France at the beginning of World War II. Tolls is such an international brigadier. Under the barrage of nationalist attack Barcelona fell, during Hitler commissioned the film and served as an unofficial executive producer, an fascist political organization founded by Jos Antonio Primo de Rivera in 1933 in opposition to the Second Spanish Republic. This man led the Fascists, fighting republican forces. Omissions? an aerial battle fought in World War II in 1940 between the German Luftwaffe (air force), which carried out extensive bombing in Britain, and the British Royal Air Force, which offered successful resistance. Internecine conflict compromised the Republican effort from the outset. while better organized than the militias, was chronically short of arms and The Triple Entente refers to the unofficial alliance between England, France, and Russia, created to counter the alliance Triple Alliance. ammunition, and was beset by incompetent junior officers and political factions Nationalists took control quickly, in many cases aided by supplies from Benito Renews March 10, 2023 Both the Nationalist and Republican sides, seeing themselves as too weak to win a quick victory, turned abroad for help. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. Then, use the word and definition to create a matching quiz. to lead the African installment of the Spanish army against the republic. The Spanish Civil War (1936-39) was the bloodiest conflict western Europe had experienced since the end of WWI in 1918. September 29, 1936, there was no one to challenge his authority. city in the northwest corner of France where the allied troops were trapped by the advancing Germany Army. Introduction - The Political Setting of Spain (1931-1936) . The start date of Operation Overlord. an alliance of left-wing movements, including the French Communist Party (PCF), the Socialist SFIO and the Radical and Socialist Party, during the interwar period. Contact us The Spanish Civil War & the Influence of Foreign Powers: Definition They were called the Central Powers because they were encircled by the Allied Powers. In the 1890s it was used by the Gaelic League, which advocates the revival of the Irish language. Many more small nations joined the Allies. aircraft and Soviet military advisors. Spain - The Civil War | Britannica From 1936 to 1939, civil war raged in Spain, on the periphery of continental politics. Made many demands against Germany to cut down its size and to reimburse France, which had been devastated by the war. The war was an outcome of a polarization of Spanish life and politics that had developed over previous decades. The Cuban movement for independence from Spain in 1895 garnered considerable American support. Please wait while we process your payment. He, who led the country through the last few months of World War II, is best known for making the controversial decision to use two atomic bombs against Japan in August 1945. a German SS officer and a physician in the Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau. Southern Pro-Nazi French; govern themselves as loyal to nazis; traitors to the Free French in N. France. The Cold War between the democratic West and communist East lasted from 1945-1991. confused about its identity and ideology. AP Euro. Spanish popular front Cause of the Spanish Civil War and its consequences Co-owner of one of the Irish Press Newspapers, he served in public office from 1917 to 1973, holding the various Irish prime ministerial and presidential offices. By the time the fighting ended on June 2, 1945, the U.S. had lost 50,000 men and the Japanese 100,000. The ship had ten guns and was bigger and faster than previous ships. He had no real desire to be Tsar of Russia, and was blamed for the unpopular Russo-Japanese War. First amphibious invasion ever. A naval base in Hawaii that was bombed by japan on December 7, 1941, which forced America to enter the war, Town in Egypt, site of the victory by Britain's Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery over German forces led by General Erwin Rommel (the 'Desert Fox') in 1942-1943. One of the most recognized figures in 20th century art, he is best known as the co-founder, along with Georges Braque, of cubism. He is best known for his landmark novel Ulysses. the army had been destroyed by the division of the nation. Nationalist, fascist leadership proved more effective at carrying Franco's wing After the support by the SPD for the German participation in World War I, she co-founded (with Karl Liebknecht) the Spartacist League, Chancellor of Weimar Republic, awarded Nobel Peace Prize for Franco-German reconciliation (1926). The Little Entente was an alliance formed in 1920 and 1921 by Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia to defend itself against Hungary and the rise of the Habsburgs. General map of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). great quantity. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). . The command structure of AP Euro Unit 5 Vocab Flashcards | Quizlet emperor of Japan during WWII. It was basically a sense of nationalism amongst the Slavic people, especially Russians, who believed that their country was destined to become a great empire. The war also had mobilized many artists and intellectuals to take up arms. Kafka's works - including the stories Das Urteil (1913, "The Judgement"), In der Strafkolonie (1920, "In the Penal Colony"); the novella Die Verwandlung ("The Metamorphosis"); and unfinished novels Der Prozess ("The Trial") and Das Schlo ("The Castle") - have come to embody the blend of absurd, surreal and mundane which gave rise to the adjective "kafkaesque". However, in cities unprotected by the Civil Guard, the His painterly skills are often attributed to the influence of Renaissance masters, French intellectual, novelist, essayist and critic, best known as the author of In Search of Lost Time (in French la recherche du temps perdu, also translated as Remembrance of Things Past), a monumental work of twentieth-century fiction consisting of seven volumes published from 1913 to 1927, a semi-autobiographical novel in seven volumes by Marcel Proust. He was later in command of the German forces opposing the Allied cross-channel invasion at Normandy. Spanish Civil War, (1936-39), military revolt against the Republican government of Spain, supported by conservative elements within the country. The Three Emperor's League consisted of Francis Joseph of Austria-Hungary, William I of Germany, and Alexander II of Russia but was formed mainly by Julius Andrssy, Bismarck, and Prince Gorchakov to keep peace between Austria-Hungary and Russia and to keep the conservative European forces together. In 1939, the Fascist forces won (with help from Italy and Germany). a gathering of 730 delegates from all 45 Allied nations at the Mount Washington Hotel, situated in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire to regulate the international monetary and financial order after the conclusion of World War II. Ch. Seeking allies against the threat of Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union had embraced a Popular Front strategy, and, as a result, the Comintern directed Spanish communists to support the Republicans. Italian system of the 1930's that broke economic life into 22 areas. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. The Civil War The military uprising started in Morocco on July 17, 1936, and quickly spread to the garrisons of metropolitan Spain. A noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II and along with Roosevelt planned many allied campaigns. It called for the elimination of primarily Jews, but also non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled. The Paris Fair would give him an opportunity to bring the atrocities visited on the defenseless people of Guernica to the attention of the world, and so he set to work. the corps-level headquarters controlling the German Panzer divisions in Libya and Egypt during the North African Campaign of World War II; the term is commonly used to refer to the headquarters plus its attached combat units. In response to this loss of good will, France shifted its policy and began to accept the fact that Germany was once again going to be a major player in central European politics. The Nationalists drove a salient eastward through Teruel, reaching the Mediterranean and splitting the republic in two in April 1938. AP Euro Spanish Civil War - YouTube The actual Manhattan Project did not take place in NY. The Nationalist side gradually gained territory and by April 1938 succeeded in splitting Spain from east to west, causing 250,000 Republican forces to flee into France. In the elections of February 1936 the left won a clear majority. Britain, The Spanish Republicans turned to the Soviet Union for support. The trials were held in the city of Nuremberg, Germany, from 1945 to 1949, at the Nuremberg Palace of Justice. This treaty averted war for the time being but left both the Russians and Turks dissatisfied and later was one of the causes for the First World War. He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West. By all rights, the legitimate, elected government should have won this struggle against a handful of insurgent generals. The Republicans received aid from the Soviet Union as well as from the International Brigades, composed of volunteers from Europe and the United States. In 1931, leftist Republican parties triumphed in municipal and national elections, forcing Alfonso to leave Spain. Both sides repressed opposition; together, they executed or assassinated more than 50,000 suspected enemies to their respective causes. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Many people who believed in Pan-Slavism wanted Russia to extend its borders into the Balkans. the killing of all the 11 million Jews of Europe, a process now known as the Holocaust. The other great thing about teaching the Spanish Civil War in a European history class is its incredible wealth of documents. (Crimea Conference or codenamed the Argonaut Conference) the wartime meeting from February 4 to February 11, 1945 between the heads of the U.S., the U.K., and the Soviet Union Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin. Moltke, however, gave too-vague orders to the troops on the French front, resulting in a retreat. By March 28 all of the Republican armies had begun to disband and surrender, and Nationalist forces entered Madrid on that day. leader of the American forces in Europe during WWII leader of troops in Africa and commander in D Day invasion, Italian fascist who rules after Mussolini and with whom the US negotiates a surrender (so much for unconditional surrender--Stalin embittered). Spanish Civil War | Holocaust Encyclopedia II. The war ended on 1 April 1939, when the last Republican troops surrendered. Soviet The thirty Years war was principally fought throughout Central Europe and involved most of the countries in Europe. The Best Books on the Spanish Civil War - ThoughtCo General Francisco Franco led the rebellion. These were delivered along with the usual political commissars, urging allegiance to the partly line. There were Four Irish Home Rule Bills passed by Great Britain, and they allowed for a greater amount of Irish control over Ireland. You have these wonderful images, for instance. support was not enough. They granted the right to vote to women. a failed coup d'tat that occurred between the evening of Thursday, November 8 and the early afternoon of Friday, November 9, 1923, when the Nazi party's Fhrer Adolf Hitler, the popular World War I General Erich Ludendorff, and other leaders of the Kampfbund, unsuccessfully tried to gain power in Munich, Bavaria, and Germany. led a war faction that took power in Japan in 1941. he decided to attack pearl harbor rather than yield to U.S. control. by the end of March. The Nationalists had no such These treaties preserved peace during the 1920s but are also credited with enabling the rise of the Japanese Empire as a naval power leading up to World War II. Because the Russians held the line, the Germans were pushed back, and never recovered. This occupation cost the French the good will of the United Kingdom and the United States, who presumably thought this was too harsh an action and not warranted by the circumstances. Germany and Japan signed this, promising a common front against communisim. On April 25, 1937, the small northern town of Guernica was bombed by the Catalonia fell during February, and Valencia and Madrid collapsed The alliance started to break apart in 1936, completely disbanding in 1938. a propaganda film by the German filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl. In any event, the proliferation of executions, murders, and assassinations on both sides reflects the great passions that the Civil War unleashed. Legion of about 100 planes, which was largely responsible for the Guernica By February 1939, 250,000 Republican soldiers, together with an equal number of civilians, had fled across the border into France. They laid siege to it but were unable to get beyond the University City area. largest of the Nazi German concentration camps. 100 Years' War Four causes are a dynastic dispute, Duchy of Aquitaine (England claim as ancient inheritance, Edward III claim Aquitaine and FR throne as edest heir of Philip the Frair), civil war in FR made war longer, economic factors (Flanders wool important to ENG). There were 50,000 Italian soldiers in Spain at the height of AP European History Past Exam Questions Free-Response Questions Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. Gavrilo Princip was a member of a secret society named Black Hand and was the assassinator of Franz Ferdinand. Unsuccessful German attack on the city of Stalingrad during World War II from 1942 to 1943, that was the furthest extent of German advance into the Soviet Union. A union of Britain and its many current and former colonies. Subscribe now. March 3, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 Along with Marcel Proust and Virginia Woolf, he is a key figure in the development of the modernist novel. City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, on August 6, 1945. He gained notoriety chiefly for being one of the SS physicians who supervised the selection of arriving transports of prisoners, determining who was to be killed and who was to become a forced labourer, and for performing human experiments of dubious scientific value on camp inmates, amongst whom Mengele was known as the Angel of Death. Government forces put down the uprising in most regions except parts of northwestern and southwestern Spain, where the Nationalists held control and named Francisco Franco head of state. a British politician and three times Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. German word meaning "cleansed of Jews". One of the most striking images of 20th-century art, Guernica is a nightmare vision of violence, pain, and chaos. (2002) Compare and contrast the religious policies of TWO of the following: Elizabeth I of England Catherine de Medicis of France Isabella I of Spain The English Civil War . When an initial military coup failed to win control of the entire country, a bloody civil war ensued, fought with great ferocity on both sides. Stalins Soviet Union fed the Loyalists supplies and armaments, for which it required payment in full, and in gold. Successfully staved off an invasion by the German Luftwaffe. The US exerted strong influences in western Europe leading to the creation of global economic and political systems (NATO, IMF, World Bank, WTO, GATT). Republican violence occurred primarily during the early stages of the war before the rule of law was restored, but the Nationalist violence was part of a conscious policy of terror. international treaty "providing for the renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy." the killing of approximately six million European Jews during World War II, as part of a program of deliberate extermination planned and executed by the Nazi regime in Germany led by Adolf Hitler. The Kaiser was displeased with Moltke and removed him from his position as General. Still the democracies did not act, and would not do so until they were forced to go to war once again, war total and world-wide. one of the most distinguished German field marshals of World War II. Updates? The Spanish-American War lasted only six weeks and resulted in a decisive victory for the United States. The following list of foreign correspondents in the Spanish Civil War is an alphabetical list of the large number of journalists and photographers who were in Spain at some stage of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). The English Civil War began a historical precedent in the way the monarchs are seen in Western Europe. These groups of Falange in the Pre-Civil-War Years, 1933-1936 Early Fascist Movements Spanish Civil War, (193639) Military revolt against the government of Spain. AP European History Terms: World War II: Ms., Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Milady - Chapter 11 - Disorders and Diseases, USCG Rules Lights & Shapes (Rules 23 & 24), Letter to the author/ editor - useful phrases. As the bloody conflict escalated, the Republican (1874-1965) He was the British prime minister during World War II and won a Noble prize for literature. pact in which Chamberlain accepted the seperation of the Sudetenland from the Czechs. The main antagonists were the Nationalists under Gen. Francisco Franco and the Republicans underFrancisco Largo Caballero and, later, Juan Negrn. Spanish Civil War (July 17, 1936 - Apr 1, 1939) - Summary & Facts occurred in 1923 when Germany stopped making their reparation payments required by the Treaty of Versailles. SparkNotes PLUS AP Euro Wars Flashcards | Quizlet The Soviet Union contributed equipment and supplies to the Republicans, who also received help from the Mexican government. prison camps used under the rule of Hitler in Nazi Germany. Although the U.S. government stayed neutral in the Spanish Civil War, about 2,800 Americansmany of whom had never before fired a gunvolunteered for the Republican cause. Quiz & Worksheet - The Spanish Civil War | Study.com Check your understanding of major events and issues leading up to, during and after the Spanish Civil War with an interactive quiz and. Their blanket bombing on April 26, 1937 of the Basque town of Guernica was a tragedy not only for the Basques, but for the whole world., now introduced to a new tactic the deliberate bombing of unwarned civilians. On one side, the Nationalist, were most Roman Catholics, important elements of the military, most landowners, and many businessmen. Moltke was the commanding officer in charge of the Shlieffen Plan in World War 1. the signature work of Adolf Hitler, combining elements of autobiography with an exposition of Hitler's political ideology of Nazism. On April 14, 1931 the Spanish monarchy was declared overthrown and a provisional government took power. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% Thus strengthened, the Loyalists fought desperately against Franco and his supporters (including the Roman Catholic Church, of whom they murdered more than 1000 priests and nearly 300 nuns). Germany and Italy intervened in the long, complicated Spanish Civil War, where their support eventually helped General Francisco Franco's fascist movement defeat republican Spain (Spain's only official aid came from the U.S.S.R) . Renaissance & Exploration 1450-1648 . It developed as a short but highly significant artistic movement between about 1907 and 1914 in France. General Francisco Franco led an army from Spanish Morocco against the republic. The following day the remnant of the Republican government surrendered; Franco would establish himself as dictator and remain in power until his death on November 20, 1975. Outbreak of the Spanish civil war | CourseNotes Between these extremes were other groups covering the political spectrum from monarchism and conservatism through liberalism to socialism, including a small communist movement divided among followers of the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and his archrival, Leon Trotsky. The captaincy of the Nationalists was gradually assumed by General Franco, leading forces he had brought from Morocco. a line of concrete fortifications, tank obstacles, machine gun posts and other defenses which France constructed along its borders with Germany and with Italy, in the light of experience from World War I, and in the run-up to World War II. town remained intact. A significant leader of Ireland's struggle for independence from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in the early 20th century, and the Republican anti-Treaty opposition in the ensuing Irish Civil War, de Valera was the author of Ireland's constitution, Bunreacht na hireann. One of the most famous 20th-century artists, he is credited with painting the first modern abstract works. A succession of governmental crises culminated in the elections of February 16, 1936, which brought to power a Popular Front government supported by most of the parties of the left and opposed by the parties of the right and what remained of the centre. The two sides fought fierce and bloody skirmishes in a war of attrition. Below is the article summary. He was a skilled draftsman, best known for the striking, bizarre, and beautiful images in his surrealist work. Europe was divided by the "iron curtain'. for a group? At first it looked as if the plan would work, but Russia was able to mobilize its army much faster than anyone had anticipated and penetrated the border of East Prussia. The number of persons killed in the Spanish Civil War can be only roughly estimated. The Visual Front: Posters of the Spanish Civil War; From the Southworth Spanish Civil War Collection at the University of California at San Diego. The dictatorships, however, intervened vigorously. Much of the early research was done in New York City by refugee physicists in the United States. Fascist and extreme-right forces responded in July 1936 with an army mutiny and coup attempt that expanded into a civil war. the Royal Irish Constabulary Reserve Force, which was one of two paramilitary forces employed by the Royal Irish Constabulary from 1920 to 1921, to suppress revolution in Ireland by targeting the IRA. The uprising consisted of military action between the existing republican government and a nationalist faction led by a military General called Francisco Franco. was a Russian painter, printmaker and art theorist. The union of Austria with Germany, resulting from the occupation of Austria by the German army in 1938. a region of Czechoslovakia where many Germans lived; demanded by Hitler in 1938 to have control of this land; when Czechs refused, Hitler threatened war. for a customized plan. The Loyalists held the capital at Madrid, the Basque Country, and the developed eastern seaboard, including Catalonia with its cosmopolitan capital at Barcelona. Correct the punctuation in the following sentences by placing semicolons and colons where they are needed. How was the Spanish Civil War a preview for World War II? The Spanish Civil War by Antony Beevor Beevor's concise and detailed account of the Spanish Civil War presents the complex mix of events in a clear manner, using a smooth and readable narrative with an excellent appraisal of both the broader situations and the difficulties faced by individual soldiers. Also known as the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, it was a non-aggression treaty between the German Third Reich and the Soviet Union. He imprisoned and many upon coming to power--up to a million according to some government fell prey to corruption and faction, and support and organization Cubism is a painting of a normal scene but painted so that it is viewed from multiple views while the positions of some of the parts are rotated or moved so that it is odd looking and scrambled. The Spanish Civil War Began on July 17th, 1936 The mutiny in July 1936 by army units stationed in Spanish Morocco was the prelude to a three-year bloody civil war. After the 1936 elections produced a Popular Front government supported mainly by left-wing parties, a military uprising began in garrison towns throughout Spain, led by the rebel Nationalists and supported by conservative elements in the clergy, military, and landowners as well as the fascist Falange. He served longer as the leader of the Labour Party than anyone else in British history. On October 1, 1936, he was named head of state and set up a government in Burgos. Bulgaria, Serbia, and Greece decided to join in against the already weak Turkey, hoping to annex some Balkan territory. For each of the following sentences, tell whether the italicized word or word group functions as an adjective or an adverb. (p. 797). On the other side, the Republican, were urban workers, most agricultural labourers, and many of the educated middle class. Austria did not want the Serbs to gain access to the sea, so they too wanted Albania for themselves. PDF AP EUROPEAN HISTORY FRQs (1974-2004) - Roseville Joint Union High The Nationalists were supported by Mussolinis Italy and Nazi Germany.
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